Breeding value calculations by Geno are based on single-step genomic prediction. This means that all bulls and cows, both those who have genotype information and those who do not, receive estimated breeding values in the same step.
What is the advantage of single-step genomic selection?
The advantage, over commonly used 2-step methods, is that all available information, such as phenotypes, genotypes, and pedigree information on all animals is included simultaneously in the prediction of breeding values. This results in the highest reliabilities possible for the genomic breeding values of sires.
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Breeding program for Norwegian Red:
- About 100,000 Bull calves and 100,000 heifer calves are born in the Norwegian Red population in Norway every year.
- Based on data from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System and pedigree information, about 8,000 bull calves and 30,000 heifer calves are genotyped by Geno.
- Geno buys about 160 bull calves and 130 heifer calves from Norwegian dairy farmers every year.
- All the heifers are elite heifers for embryo production for the Norwegian market.
- About 50-60 of the bulls bought are used as elite bulls in the Norwegian Red population.
Elite bulls in Norway
Elite bulls are the best bulls in the population that are selected as fathers of the next generation. About 50-60 elite bulls are selected per year. It is crucial that all elite bulls are used to have control over the inbreeding rate in the NRF population.
Elite heifers in Norway
Elite heifers are the best Norwegian Red heifers in the population, selected for embryo production. The embryos are then sold to Norwegian dairy farmers. All calves from embryos are genotyped when born, and some of them are bought by Geno as new elite heifers/bulls.
Bulls for export
We expect that many of the same Norwegian Red elite sires used in Norway will also be available for the export market All bulls in the domestic market are genomic bulls, and most of the bulls used in our export market are also genomic. However, we keep some bulls long enough to become daughter-proven, as there is still a demand for daughter-proven bulls in some international markets.
Some bulls are also selected only for export. These are bulls that have profiles that fit some markets internationally, and/or bulls that cannot be used in Norway because of kinship to the population (to prevent inbreeding). This is not an issue when used in crossbreeding.